§ 63.1103 Source category-specific applicability, definitions, and requirements.
(a) Acetal resins production applicability, definitions, and requirements—(1) Applicability—(i) Affected source. For the acetal resins production source category (as defined in paragraph (a)(2) of this section), the affected source shall comprise all emission points, in combination, listed in paragraphs (a)(1)(i)(A) through (D) of this section, that are associated with an acetal resins production process unit located at a major source, as defined in section 112(a) of the Clean Air Act (Act).
(A) All storage vessels that store liquids containing organic HAP. For purposes of regulation, surge control vessels and bottoms receivers that are located as part of the process train prior to the polymer reactor are to be regulated under the front-end process vent provisions.
(B) All process vents from continuous unit operations (front end process vents and back end process vents).
(C) All wastewater streams associated with the acetal resins production process unit as defined in (a)(2) of this section.
(D) Equipment (as defined in § 63.1101 of this subpart) that contains or contacts organic HAP.
(ii) Compliance schedule. The compliance schedule for affected sources as defined in paragraph (a)(1)(i) of this section is specified in § 63.1102(a).
(2) Definitions.
Acetal resins production means the production of homopolymers and/or copolymers of alternating oxymethylene units. Acetal resins are also known as polyoxymethylenes, polyacetals, and aldehyde resins. Acetal resins are generally produced by polymerizing formaldehyde (HCHO) with the methylene functional group (CH2) and are characterized by repeating oxymethylene units (CH2O) in the polymer backbone.
Back end process vent means any process vent from a continuous unit operation that is not a front end process vent up to the final separation of raw materials and by-products from the stabilized polymer.
Front end process vent means any process vent from a continuous unit operation involved in the purification of formaldehyde feedstock for use in the acetal homopolymer process. All front end process vents are restricted to those vents that occur prior to the polymer reactor.
(3) Requirements. Table 1 of this section specifies the acetal resins production standards applicability for existing and new sources. Applicability assessment procedures and methods are specified in §§ 63.1104 through 63.1107. An owner or operator of an affected source is not required to perform tests, TRE calculations or other applicability assessment procedures if they opt to comply with the most stringent requirements for an applicable emission point pursuant to this subpart. General compliance, recordkeeping, and reporting requirements are specified in §§ 63.1108 through 63.1112. Procedures for approval of alternative means of emission limitations are specified in § 63.1113. The owner or operator must control organic HAP emissions from each affected source emission point by meeting the applicable requirements specified in table 1 of this section.
Table 1 to § 63.1103(a)—What Are My Requirements If I Own Or Operate An Acetal Resins Production Existing Or New Affected Source?
| If you own or operate. . . | And if. . . | Then you must. . . |
|---|---|---|
| 1. A storage vessel with: 34 cubic meters <capacity | The maximum true vapor pressure of organic HAP >17.1 kilopascals (for existing sources) or >11.7 kilopascals (for new sources) | a. Reduce emissions of total organic HAP by 95 weight-percent by venting emissions through a closed vent system to any combination of control devices meeting the requirements of subpart SS (national emission standards for closed vent systems, control devices, recovery devices, and routing to a fuel gas system or a process), as specified in § 63.982(a)(1) (storage vessel requirements) of this part; or |
| b. Comply with the requirements of subpart WW (national emission standards for storage vessels (control level 2)) of this part. | ||
| 2. A front end process vent from continuous unit operations | a. Reduce emissions of total organic HAP by using a flare meeting the requirements of subpart SS of this part; or | |
| b. Reduce emissions of total organic HAP by 60 weight-percent, or reduce TOC to a concentration of 20 parts per million by volume, whichever is less stringent, by venting emissions through a closed vent system to any combination of control devices meeting the requirements of subpart SS, as specified in § 63.982(a)(2) (process vent requirements) of this part. | ||
| 3. A back end process vent from continuous unit operations | The vent stream has a TRE a <1.0 | a. Reduce emissions of total organic HAP by using a flare meeting the requirements of subpart SS of this part; or |
| b. Reduce emissions of total organic HAP by 98 weight-percent, or reduce TOC to a concentration of 20 parts per million by volume, whichever is less stringent, by venting emissions through a closed vent system to any combination of control devices meeting the requirements of subpart SS, as specified in § 63.982(a)(2) (process vent requirements) of this part; or | ||
| c. Achieve and maintain a TRE index value greater than 1.0. | ||
| 4. A back end process vent from continuous unit operations | 1.0 ≤TRE a ≤4.0 | Monitor and keep records of equipment operating parameters specified to be monitored under subpart SS, §§ 63.990(c)(absorber, condenser, and carbon adsorber monitoring) or 63.995(c) (other noncombustion systems used as a control device monitoring) of this part. |
| 5. Equipment as defined under § 63.1101 | The equipment contains or contacts ≥10 weight-percent organic HAP b, and operates ≤300 hours per year | Comply with the requirements of subpart TT (national emission standards for equipment leaks (control level 1)) or subpart UU (national emission standards for equipment leaks (control level 2)) of this part. |
| 6. An acetal resins production process unit that generates process wastewater | The process wastewater stream is a Group 1 or Group 2 wastewater stream | Comply with the requirements of § 63.1106(a). |
| 7. An acetal resins production process unit that generates maintenance wastewater | The maintenance wastewater contains organic HAP | Comply with the requirements of § 63.1106(b). |
| 8. An item of equipment listed in § 63.1106(c)(1) | The item of equipment meets the criteria specified in § 63.1106(c)(1) through (3) and either (c)(4)(i) or (ii) | Comply with the requirements in Table 35 of subpart G of this part. |
a The TRE is determined according to the procedures specified in § 63.1104(j).
b The weight-percent organic HAP is determined for equipment according to procedures specified in § 63.1107.
(b) Acrylic and modacrylic fiber production applicability, definitions, and requirements—(1) Applicability—(i) Affected source. For the acrylic fibers and modacrylic fibers production (as defined in paragraph (b)(2) of this section) source category, the affected source shall comprise all emission points, in combination, listed in paragraphs (b)(1)(i)(A) through (E) of this section, that are associated with a suspension or solution polymerization process unit that produces acrylic and modacrylic fiber located at a major source as defined in section 112(a) of the Act.
(A) All storage vessels that store liquid containing acrylonitrile or organic HAP.
(B) All process vents from continuous unit operations.
(C) All wastewater streams associated with the acrylic and modacrylic fibers production process unit as defined in (b)(2) of this section.
(D) Equipment (as defined in § 63.1101 of this subpart) that contains or contacts acrylonitrile or organic HAP.
(E) All acrylic and modacrylic fiber spinning lines using a spinning solution or suspension having organic acrylonitrile or organic HAP. For the purposes of implementing this paragraph, a spinning line includes the spinning solution filters, spin bath, and the equipment used downstream of the spin bath to wash, dry, or draw the spun fiber.
(ii) Compliance schedule. The compliance schedule, for affected sources as defined in paragraph (b)(1)(i) of this section, is specified in § 63.1102.
(2) Definitions.
Acrylic fiber means a manufactured synthetic fiber in which the fiber-forming substance is any long-chain synthetic polymer composed of at least 85 percent by weight of acrylonitrile units.
Acrylic and modacrylic fibers production means the production of either of the following synthetic fibers composed of acrylonitrile units:
(i) Acrylic fiber.
(ii) Modacrylic fiber.
Acrylonitrile solution polymerization means a process where acrylonitrile and comonomers are dissolved in a solvent to form a polymer solution (typically polyacrylonitrile). The polyacrylonitrile is soluble in the solvent. In contrast to suspension polymerization, the resulting reactor polymer solution (spin dope) is filtered and pumped directly to the fiber spinning process.
Acrylonitrile suspension polymerization means a polymerization process where small drops of acrylonitrile and comonomers are suspended in water in the presence of a catalyst where they polymerize under agitation. Solid beads of polymer are formed in this suspension reaction which are subsequently filtered, washed, refiltered, and dried. The beads must be subsequently redissolved in a solvent to create a spin dope prior to introduction to the fiber spinning process.
Fiber spinning line means the group of equipment and process vents associated with acrylic or modacrylic fiber spinning operations. The fiber spinning line includes (as applicable to the type of spinning process used) the blending and dissolving tanks, spinning solution filters, wet spinning units, spin bath tanks, and the equipment used downstream of the spin bath to wash, dry, or draw the spun fiber.
In organic hazardous air pollutant or in organic HAP service means, for acrylic and modacrylic fiber production affected sources, that a piece of equipment either contains or contacts a fluid (liquid or gas) that is at least 10 percent by weight of total organic HAP as determined according to the provisions of § 63.180(d). The provisions of § 63.180(d) also specify how to determine that a piece of equipment is not in organic HAP service.
Modacrylic fiber means a manufactured synthetic fiber in which the fiber-forming substance is any long-chain synthetic polymer composed of at least 35 percent by weight of acrylonitrile units but less than 85 percent by weight of acrylonitrile units.
Seal means, for acrylic and modacrylic fiber production affected sources complying with the requirements of § 63.1033(b) or § 63.167(a) on or after October 8, 2014, that instrument monitoring of the open-ended valve or line conducted according to the method specified in § 63.1023(b) and, as applicable, § 63.1023(c), or § 63.180(b) and, as applicable, § 63.180(c), indicates no readings of 500 parts per million or greater.
Spin dope means the liquid mixture of polymer and solvent that is fed to the spinneret to form the acrylic and modacrylic fibers.
(3) Requirements. An owner or operator of an affected source must comply with the requirements of paragraph (b)(3)(i) or (ii) of this section.
(i) Table 2 of this section specifies the acrylic and modacrylic fiber production source category control requirement applicability for both existing and new sources. Applicability assessment procedures and methods are specified in §§ 63.1104 through 63.1107. An owner or operator of an affected source is not required to perform tests, or other applicability assessment procedures if they opt to comply with the most stringent requirements for an applicable emission point pursuant to this subpart. General compliance, recordkeeping, and reporting requirements are specified in §§ 63.1108 through 63.1112. Procedures for approval of alternative means of emission limitations are specified in § 63.1113. The owner or operator must control organic HAP emissions from each affected source emission point by meeting the applicable requirements specified in table 2 of this section.
Table 2 to § 63.1103(b)(3)(i)—What Are My Requirements if I Own or Operate an Acrylic and Modacrylic Fiber Production Existing or New Affected Source and Am Complying With Paragraph (b)(3)(i) of This Section?
| If you own or operate. . . | And if. . . | Then you must. . . |
|---|---|---|
| 1. A storage vessel | The stored material contains organic HAP | a. Reduce emissions of organic HAP by 98 weight-percent by venting emissions through a closed vent system to any combination of control device meeting the requirements of subpart SS of this part, as specified in § 63.982(a)(1) (storage vessel requirements), or 95 weight-percent or greater by venting through a closed vent system to a recovery device meeting the requirements of subpart SS, § 63.993 (recovery device requirements); or |
| b. Comply with the requirements of subpart WW of this part. | ||
| 2. A process vent from continuous unit operations (halogenated) | The vent steam has a mass emission rate of halogen atoms contained in organic compounds ≥0.45 kilograms per hour, a and an organic HAP concentration ≥50 parts per million by volume b and an average flow rate ≥0.005 cubic meters per minute | a. Reduce emissions of organic HAP or TOC as specified for nonhalogenated process vents from continuous unit operations (other than by using a flare) by venting emissions through a closed vent system to a halogen reduction device meeting the requirements of subpart SS of this part, § 63.994 (halogen reduction devices requirements) that reduces hydrogen halides and halogens by 99 weight-percent or to less than 0.45 kilograms per year, whichever is less stringent; or |
| b. Reduce the process vent halogen atom mass emission rate to less than 0.45 kilograms per hour by venting emissions through a closed vent system to a halogen reduction device meeting the requirements of subpart SS of this part, § 63.994 (halogen reduction devices requirements) and then complying with the requirements specified for process vents from continuous unit operations (nonhalogenated). | ||
| 3. A process vent from continuous unit operations (nonhalogenated) | The vent steam has a mass emission rate of halogen atoms contained in organic compounds <0.45 kilograms per hour, a and an organic HAP concentration ≥50 parts per million by volume b and an average flow rate ≥0.005 cubic meters per minute | a. Reduce emissions of organic HAP by using a flare meeting the requirements of subpart SS of this part, § 63.987 (flare requirements); or b. Reduce emissions of organic HAP by 98 weight-percent, or reduce TOC to a concentration of 20 parts per million by volume, whichever is less stringent, by venting emissions through a closed vent system to any combination of control devices meeting the requirements of subpart SS of this part, as specified in § 63.982(a)(2) (process vent requirements). |
| 4. A fiber spinning line that is a new or reconstructed source | The lines use a spin dope produced from either a suspension polymerization process or solution polymerization process | a. Reduce organic HAP emissions by 85 weight-percent or more. (For example, you may enclose the spinning and washing areas of the spinning line (as specified in paragraph (b)(4) of this section) and vent through a closed vent system and use any combination of control devices meeting the requirements of subpart SS of this part, as specified in § 63.982(a).); or |
| b. Reduce organic HAP emissions from the spinning line to less than or equal to 0.25 kilograms of organic HAP per megagram (0.5 pounds of organic HAP per ton) of acrylic and modacrylic fiber produced; or | ||
| c. Reduce the organic HAP concentration of the spin dope to less than 100 ppmw. | ||
| 5. A fiber spinning line that is an existing source | The spinning line uses a spin dope produced from a solution polymerization process | Reduce organic HAP emissions from the spinning line to less than or equal to 20 kilograms of organic HAP per megagram (40 pounds of organic HAP per ton) of acrylic and modacrylic fiber produced. |
| 6. A fiber spinning line that is an existing source | The spinning line uses a spin dope produced from a suspension polymerization process | a. Reduce the organic HAP concentration of the spin dope to less than 100 ppmw; b or b. Reduce organic HAP emissions from the spinning line to less than or equal to 0.25 kilograms of organic HAP per megagram of acrylic and modacrylic fiber produced. |
| 7. Equipment as defined under § 63.1101 (with the differences for pressure relief devices described in item 11 below) | It contains or contacts ≥10 weight-percent organic HAP, c and operates ≥300 hours per year | a. Comply with either § 63.1008 or § 63.1027 for connectors in gas and vapor service and in light liquid service, and comply with the requirements of subpart UU of this part, except § 63.1030, for all other applicable equipment; or |
| b. Comply with the requirements in subpart H of this part, except § 63.165, as provided by the regulatory overlap provisions in § 63.1100(g)(4)(ii). | ||
| 8. An acrylic and modacrylic fiber production process unit that generates process wastewater | The process wastewater stream is a Group 1 or Group 2 wastewater stream | Comply with the requirements of § 63.1106(a). |
| 9. An acrylic and modacrylic fiber production process unit that generates maintenance wastewater | The maintenance wastewater contains organic HAP | Comply with the requirements of § 63.1106(b). |
| 10. An item of equipment listed in § 63.1106(c)(1) | The item of equipment meets the criteria specified in § 63.1106(c)(1) through (3) and either (c)(4)(i) or (ii) | Comply with the requirements in Table 35 of subpart G of this part. |
| 11. Pressure relief devices | The pressure relief device is in organic HAP service | Comply with § 63.1107(e). |
a The mass emission rate of halogen atoms contained in organic compounds is determined according to the procedures specified in § 63.1104(i).
b The percent by weight organic HAP is determined according to the procedures specified in § 63.1107.
c The weight-percent organic HAP is determined for equipment according to procedures specified in § 63.1107.
(ii) The owner or operator must control organic HAP emissions from the acrylic and modacrylic fibers production facility by meeting the applicable requirements specified in table 3 of this section. The owner or operator must determine the facility organic HAP emission rate using the procedures specified in paragraph (b)(5) of this section. Applicability assessment procedures and methods are specified in §§ 63.1104 through 63.1107. An owner or operator of an affected source does not have to perform tests, TRE calculations or other applicability assessment procedures if they opt to comply with the most stringent requirements for an applicable emission point pursuant to this subpart. General compliance, recordkeeping, and reporting requirements are specified in §§ 63.1108 through 63.1112. Procedures for approval of alternative means of emission limitations are specified in § 63.1113.
Table 3 to § 63.1103(b)(3)(ii)—What Are My Requirements If I Own or Operate an Acrylic and Modacrylic Fiber Production Existing or New Affected Source and Am Complying With Paragraph (b)(3)(ii) of This Section?
| If you own or operate . . . | Then you must control total organic HAP emissions from the affected source by . . . |
|---|---|
| 1. An acrylic and modacrylic fibers production affected source and your facility is an existing source | Meeting all of following requirements: a. Reduce total organic HAP emissions from all affected storage vessels, process vents, wastewater streams associated with the acrylic and modacrylic fibers production process unit as defined in paragraph (b)(2) of this section, and fiber spinning lines operated in your acrylic and modacrylic fibers production facility to less than or equal to 0.5 kilograms (kg) of organic HAP per megagram (Mg) of fiber produced. |
| b. Determine the facility organic HAP emission rate in accordance with the requirements specified in paragraph (b)(5) of this section. | |
| 2. An acrylic and modacrylic fibers production affected source and your facility is a new source | Meeting all of following requirements: a. Reduce total organic HAP emissions from all affected storage vessels, process vents, wastewater streams associated with the acrylic and modacrylic fibers production process unit as defined in paragraph (b)(2) of this section, and fiber spinning lines operated in your acrylic and modacrylic fibers production facility to less than or equal to 0.25 kilograms (kg) of organic HAP per megagram (Mg) of fiber produced. |
| b. Determine the facility organic HAP emission rate in accordance with the requirements specified in paragraph (b)(5) of this section. | |
| 3. Equipment as defined under § 63.1101 and it contains or contacts >10 weight-percent organic HAP, a and operates >300 hours per year (with the differences for pressure relief devices described in item 4 below) | a. Comply with either § 63.1008 or § 63.1027 for connectors in gas and vapor service and in light liquid service, and comply with subpart UU of this part, except § 63.1030, for all other applicable equipment; or b. Comply with the requirements in subpart H of this part, except § 63.165, as provided by the regulatory overlap provisions in § 63.1100(g)(4)(ii). |
| 4. A pressure relief device in organic HAP service | Complying with § 63.1107(e). |
(4) Fiber spinning line enclosure requirements. For an owner or operator of a new or modified source electing to comply with paragraph (b)(3)(i) of this section, the fiber spinning line enclosure must be designed and operated to meet the requirements specified in paragraphs (b)(4)(i) through (iv) of this section.
(i) The enclosure must cover the spinning and washing areas of the spinning line.
(ii) The enclosure must be designed and operated in accordance with the criteria for a permanent total enclosure as specified in “Procedure T—Criteria for and Verification of a Permanent or Temporary Total Enclosure” in 40 CFR 52.741, appendix B.
(iii) The enclosure may have permanent or temporary openings to allow worker access; passage of material into or out of the enclosure by conveyor, vehicles, or other mechanical means; entry of permanent mechanical or electrical equipment; or to direct airflow into the enclosure.
(iv) The owner or operator must perform the verification procedure for the enclosure as specified in section 5.0 to “Procedure T—Criteria for and Verification of a Permanent or Temporary Total Enclosure” initially when the enclosure is first installed and, thereafter, annually.
(5) Facility organic HAP emission rate determination. For an owner or operator electing to comply with paragraph (b)(3)(ii) of this section, the facility organic HAP emission rate must be determined using the requirements specified in paragraphs (b)(5)(i) through (iii) of this section.
(i) The owner or operator must prepare an initial determination of the facility organic HAP emission rate.
(ii) Whenever changes to the acrylic or modacrylic fiber production operations at the facility could potentially cause the facility organic HAP emission rate to exceed the applicable limit of kilogram of organic HAP per Megagram of fiber produced, the owner or operator must prepare a new determination of the facility organic HAP emission rate.
(iii) For each determination, the owner or operator must prepare and maintain at the facility site sufficient process data, emissions data, and any other documentation necessary to support the facility organic HAP emission rate calculation.
(c) Hydrogen fluoride production applicability, definitions, and requirements—(1) Applicability—(i) Affected source—For the hydrogen fluoride production (as defined in paragraph (c)(2) of this section) source category, the affected source shall comprise all emission points, in combination, listed in paragraphs (c)(1)(i)(A) through (D) of this section, that are associated with a hydrogen fluoride production process unit located at a major source as defined in section 112(a) of the Act.
(A) All storage vessels used to accumulate or store hydrogen fluoride.
(B) All process vents from continuous unit operations associated with hydrogen fluoride recovery and refining operations. These process vents include vents on condensers, distillation units, and water scrubbers.
(C) All transfer racks used to load hydrogen fluoride into tank trucks or railcars.
(D) Equipment in hydrogen fluoride service (as defined in paragraph (c)(2) of this section).
(2) Definitions.
Connector means flanged, screwed, or other joined fittings used to connect two pipelines or a pipeline and a piece of equipment. A common connector is a flange. Joined fittings welded completely around the circumference of the interface are not considered connectors for the purposes of this subpart.
Equipment means each pump, compressor, agitator, pressure relief device, sampling connection system, open-ended valve or line, valve, connector, and instrumentation system in hydrogen fluoride service; and any control devices or closed-vent systems used to comply with this subpart.
Hydrogen fluoride production means a process engaged in the production and recovery of hydrogen fluoride by reacting calcium fluoride with sulfuric acid. For the purpose of implementing this subpart, hydrogen fluoride production is not a process that produces gaseous hydrogen fluoride for direct reaction with hydrated aluminum to form aluminum fluoride (i.e., the hydrogen fluoride is not recovered as an intermediate or final product prior to reacting with the hydrated aluminum).
In hydrogen fluoride service means that a piece of equipment either contains or contacts a hydrogen fluoride process fluid (liquid or gas).
In vacuum service means that equipment is operating at an internal pressure which is at least 5 kilopascals below ambient pressure.
Instrumentation system means a group of equipment components used to condition and convey a sample of the process fluid to analyzers and instruments for the purpose of determining process operating conditions (e.g., composition, pressure, flow, etc.). Valves and connectors are the predominant type of equipment used in instrumentation systems; however, other types of equipment may also be included in these systems.
Kiln seal means the mechanical or hydraulic seals at both ends of the kiln, designed to prevent the infiltration of moisture and air through the interface of the rotating kiln and stationary pipes and equipment attached to the kiln during normal vacuum operation of the kiln (operation at an internal pressure of at least 0.25 kilopascal [one inch of water] below ambient pressure).
Leakless pump means a pump whose seals are submerged in liquid, a magnetically-driven pump, a pump equipped with a dual mechanical seal system that includes a barrier fluid system, a canned pump, or other pump that is designed with no externally actuated shaft penetrating the pump housing.
Open-ended valve or line means any valve, except relief valves, having one side of the valve seat in contact with process fluid and one side open to the atmosphere, either directly or through open piping.
Pressure release means the emission of materials resulting from the system pressure being greater than the set pressure of the relief device. This release can be one release or a series of releases over a short time period due to a malfunction in the process.
Pressure relief device or valve means a safety device used to prevent operating pressures from exceeding the maximum allowable working pressure of the process equipment. A common pressure relief device is a spring-loaded pressure relief valve. Devices that are actuated either by a pressure of less than or equal to 2.5 pounds per square inch gauge or by a vacuum are not pressure relief devices.
Relief device or valve means a valve used only to release an unplanned, nonroutine discharge. A relief valve discharge can result from an operator error, a malfunction such as a power failure or equipment failure, or other unexpected cause that requires immediate venting of gas from process equipment in order to avoid safety hazards or equipment damage.
Repaired for the purpose of this regulation means equipment is adjusted, or otherwise altered, to eliminate a leak identified by sensory monitoring.
Sampling connection system means an assembly of equipment within a process unit or affected facility used during periods of representative operation to take samples of the process fluid. Equipment used to take nonroutine grab samples is not considered a sampling connection system.