§ 86.1818-12 Greenhouse gas emission standards for light-duty vehicles, light-duty trucks, and medium-duty passenger vehicles.

(a) Applicability. (1) This section contains standards and other regulations applicable to the emission of the air pollutant defined as the aggregate group of six greenhouse gases: Carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, methane, hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, and sulfur hexafluoride. This section applies to 2012 and later model year LDV, LDT and MDPV, including multi-fuel vehicles, vehicles fueled with alternative fuels, hybrid electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, electric vehicles, and fuel cell vehicles. Unless otherwise specified, multi-fuel vehicles must comply with all requirements established for each consumed fuel. The provisions of this section, except paragraph (c), also apply to clean alternative fuel conversions as defined in 40 CFR 85.502, of all model year light-duty vehicles, light-duty trucks, and medium-duty passenger vehicles. Manufacturers that qualify as a small business according to the requirements of § 86.1801–12(j) are exempt from the emission standards in this section. Manufacturers that have submitted a declaration for a model year according to the requirements of § 86.1801–12(k) for which approval has been granted by the Administrator are conditionally exempt from the emission standards in paragraphs (c) through (e) of this section for the approved model year.

(2) The standards specified in this section apply for testing at both low-altitude conditions and high-altitude conditions. However, manufacturers must submit an engineering evaluation indicating that common calibration approaches are utilized at high altitude instead of performing testing for certification, consistent with § 86.1829. Any deviation from low altitude emission control practices must be included in the auxiliary emission control device (AECD) descriptions submitted at certification. Any AECD specific to high altitude requires engineering emission data for EPA evaluation to quantify any emission impact and determine the validity of the AECD.

(b) Definitions. For the purposes of this section, the following definitions shall apply:

(1) Passenger automobile means a motor vehicle that is a passenger automobile as that term is defined in 49 CFR 523.4.

(2) Light truck means a motor vehicle that is a non-passenger automobile as that term is defined in 49 CFR 523.5.

(3) Manufacturer has the meaning given by the Department of Transportation at 49 CFR 531.4.

(c) Fleet average CO2standards for passenger automobiles and light trucks. (1) For a given individual model year's production of passenger automobiles and light trucks, manufacturers must comply with a full useful life fleet average CO₂ standard calculated according to the provisions of this paragraph (c). Manufacturers must calculate separate full useful life fleet average CO₂ standards for their passenger automobile and light truck fleets, as those terms are defined in this section. Each manufacturer's fleet average CO₂ standards determined in this paragraph (c) shall be expressed in whole grams per mile, in the model year specified as applicable. Manufacturers eligible for and choosing to participate in the Temporary Leadtime Allowance Alternative Standards for qualifying manufacturers specified in paragraph (e) of this section shall not include vehicles subject to the Temporary Leadtime Allowance Alternative Standards in the calculations of their primary passenger automobile or light truck standards determined in this paragraph (c). Manufacturers shall demonstrate compliance with the applicable standards according to the provisions of § 86.1865.

(2) Passenger automobiles—(i) Calculation of CO2 target values for passenger automobiles. A CO₂ target value shall be determined for each passenger automobile as follows:

(A) For passenger automobiles with a footprint of less than or equal to 41 square feet, the gram/mile CO₂ target value shall be selected for the appropriate model year from the following table:

Table 1 to § 86.1818–12(c)(2)(i)(A)

(B) For passenger automobiles with a footprint of greater than 56 square feet, the gram/mile CO₂ target value shall be selected for the appropriate model year from the following table:

Table 2 to § 86.1818–12(c)(2)(i)(B)

(C) For passenger automobiles with a footprint that is greater than 41 square feet and less than or equal to 56 square feet, the gram/mile CO₂ target value shall be calculated using the following equation and rounded to the nearest 0.1 gram/mile:

Table 3 to § 86.1818–12(c)(2)(i)(C)

(ii) Calculation of the fleet average CO2standard for passenger automobiles. In each model year manufacturers must comply with the CO₂ exhaust emission standard for their passenger automobile fleet, calculated for that model year as follows:

(A) A CO₂ target value shall be determined according to paragraph (c)(2)(i) of this section for each unique combination of model type and footprint value.

(B) Each CO₂ target value, determined for each unique combination of model type and footprint value, shall be multiplied by the total production of that model type/footprint combination for the appropriate model year.

(C) The resulting products shall be summed, and that sum shall be divided by the total production of passenger automobiles in that model year. The result shall be rounded to the nearest whole gram per mile. This result shall be the applicable fleet average CO₂ standard for the manufacturer's passenger automobile fleet.

(3) Light trucks—(i) Calculation of CO2target values for light trucks. A CO₂ target value shall be determined for each light truck as follows:

(A) For light trucks with a footprint of less than or equal to 41 square feet, the gram/mile CO₂ target value shall be selected for the appropriate model year from the following table:

Table 4 to § 86.1818–12(c)(3)(i)(A)

(B) For light trucks with a footprint that is greater than 41 square feet and less than or equal to the maximum footprint value specified in the table below for each model year, the gram/mile CO₂ target value shall be calculated using the following equation and rounded to the nearest 0.1 gram/mile, except as specified in paragraph (c)(3)(i)(D) of this section:

Table 5 to § 86.1818–12(c)(3)(i)(B)

(C) For light trucks with a footprint that is greater than the minimum footprint value specified in the table below and less than or equal to the maximum footprint value specified in the table below for each model year, the gram/mile CO₂ target value shall be calculated using the following equation and rounded to the nearest 0.1 gram/mile, except as specified in paragraph (c)(3)(i)(D) of this section:

Table 6 to § 86.1818–12(c)(3)(i)(C)

(D) For light trucks with a footprint greater than the minimum value specified in the table below for each model year, the gram/mile CO₂ target value shall be selected for the appropriate model year from the following table: