§ 444.12 Monitoring requirements.
(a) Both direct and indirect discharges must monitor to establish compliance with their limitations and standards. Thus, all the permits of all direct dischargers must include requirements to monitor, according to EPA-approved test procedures, each pollutant limited in the permit, the volume of effluent discharged from each outfall, and other appropriate measurements subject to notification requirements. See 40 CFR 122.44(i). EPA's pretreatment regulations similarly require indirect dischargers to monitor to demonstrate compliance with pretreatment standards. See 40 CFR 403.12(g).
(b) Incorporation by reference:
(1) Compliance with the monitoring requirements may be accomplished using approved test procedures listed in the table to this paragraph. Most of these test procedures have previously been incorporated by reference at 40 CFR 136.3(a), Table IB. The test procedures for the regulated pollutants (arsenic, cadmium, chromium (total), copper, pH, lead, mercury, TSS, silver, titanium, and zinc) listed in the table to this paragraph are also incorporated by reference into this regulation. The full texts of the test procedures listed in this paragraph are available from the sources indicated in paragraph (b)(2) of this section. In addition to those test procedures incorporated by reference at 40 CFR 136.3(a), Table IB, you may also use EPA Method 200.8, “Determination of Trace Elements in Water and Wastes by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry,” from “Methods for Determination of Metals in Environmental Samples—Supplement I,” EPA–600/R–94–111, May 1994, and ASTM Method D 5673–96, “Standard Test Method for Elements in Water by Inductively Coupled Plasma—Mass Spectrometry,” from 1999 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, for determination of arsenic, cadmium, chromium (total), copper, lead, silver, and zinc. The full texts of these methods are incorporated by reference into this regulation and may be obtained from the sources identified in paragraph (b)(2) of this section.
List of Approved Inorganic Test Procedures
| Parameter, units and method | Reference (method number or page) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EPA 1 16 | Standard Methods [18th Edition] 6 | ASTM | USGS 2 | Other | |
| 1. Arsenic—Total, 4 mg/L: | |||||
| Digestion 4 followed by | 206.5 | ||||
| AA gaseous hydride | 206.3 | 3114B 4.d | D2972–93(B) | I–3062–85 | |
| AA furnace | 206.2 | 3113B | D2972–93(C) | ||
| ICP/AES 15 | 5 200.7 | 3120 B | |||
| Colorimetric (SDDC), or | 206.4 | 3500–As C | D2972–93(A) | I–3060–85 | |
| ICP/MS | 7 200.8 | D5673–96 17 | |||
| 2. Cadmium—Total, 4 mg/L; Digestion 4 followed by: | |||||
| AA direct aspiration 15 | 213.1 | 3111 B or C | D3557–90(A or B) | I–3135–85 or I–3136–85 | 974.27, 3 p. 37. |
| AA furnace | 213.2 | 3113 B | D3557–90(D) | ||
| ICP/AES 15 | 5 200.7 | 3120 B | |||
| DCP 15 | D4190–82(88) | I–1472–85 | ( 14) | ||
| Voltametry 9 | |||||
| Colorimetric (Dithizone), or | 3500–Cd D | D3557–90(C) | |||
| ICP/MS | 7 200.8 | D5673–96 17 | |||
| 3. Chromium-Total, 4 mg/L; Digestion 4 followed by: | |||||
| AA direct aspiration 15 | 218.1 | 3111 B | D1687–92(B) | I–3236–85 | 974.27. 3 |
| AA chelation-extraction | 218.3 | 3111 C | |||
| AA furnace | 218.2 | 3113 B | D1687–92(C) | ||
| ICP/AES 15 | 5 200.7 | 3120 B | |||
| DCP 15 | D4190–82(88) | ( 14) | |||
| Colorimetric (Diphenylcarbazide), or | 3500–Cr D | ||||
| ICP/MS | 7 200.8 | D5673–96 17 | |||
| 4. Copper—Total, 4 mg/L; Digestion 4 followed by: | |||||
| AA direct aspiration 15 | 220.1 | 3111 B or C | D1688–90(A or B) | I–3270–85 or I–3271–85 | 974.27 3 p. 37. 8 |
| AA furnace | 220.2 | 3113 B | D1688–90(C) | ||
| ICP/AES 15 | 5 200.7 | 3120 B | |||
| DCP 15 or | D4190–82(88) | ( 14) | |||
| Colorimetric (Neocuproine) or | 3500–Cu D | ||||
| (Bicinchoninate), or | or E | ( 10) | |||
| ICP/MS | 7 200.8 | D5673–96 17 | |||
| 5. Hydrogen ion (pH), pH units: | |||||
| Electrometric measurement | 150.1 | 4500–H + B | D1293–84 (90)(A or B) | I–1586–85 | 973.41. |
| Automated electrode | ( 11) | ||||
| 6. Lead—Total, 4 mg/L; Digestion 4 followed by: | |||||
| AA direct aspiration 15 | 239.1 | 3111 B or C | D3559–90(A or B) | I–3399–85 | 974.27. 3 |
| AA furnace | 239.2 | 3113 B | D3559–90(D) | ||
| ICP/AES 15 | 5 200.7 | 3120 B | |||
| DCP 15 | D4190–82(88) | ( 14) | |||
| Voltametry 9 | D3559–90(C) | ||||
| Colorimetric (Dithizone), or | 3500–Pb D | ||||
| ICP/MS | 7 200.8 | D5673–96 17 | |||
| 7. Mercury—Total, 4 mg/L: | |||||
| Cold vapor, manual or | 245.1 | 3112 B | D3223–91 | I–3462–85 | 977.22. 3 |
| Automated | 245.1 | ||||
| 8. Residue—nonfilterable (TSS), mg/L: | |||||
| Gravimetric, 103–105–post washing of residue | 160.2 | 2540 D | I–3765–85 | ||
| 9. Silver—Total, 4 mg/L: Digestion 4 12 followed by: | |||||
| AA direct aspiration | 272.1 | 3111 B or C | I–3720–85 | 974.27 3 p. 37. 8 | |
| AA furnace | 272.2 | 3113 B | |||
| ICP/AES | 5 200.7 | 3120 B | |||
| DCP, or | ( 14) | ||||
| ICP/MS | 7 200.8 | D5673–96 17 | |||
| 10. Titanium—Total, 4 mg/L; Digestion 4 followed by: | |||||
| AA direct aspiration | 283.1 | 3111 D | |||
| AA furnace, or | 283.2 | ||||
| DCP | ( 14) | ||||
| 11. Zinc—Total, 4 mg/L; Digestion 4 followed by: | |||||
| AA direct aspiration 15 | 289.1 | 3111 B or C | D1691–90(A) or B) | I–3900–85 | 974.27, 3 p. 37. 8 |
| AA furnace | 289.2 | ||||
| ICP/AES 15 | 5 200.7 | 3120 B | |||
| DCP 15 | D4190–82(88) | ( 14) | |||
| Colorimetric (Dithizone) or | 3500–Zn E | ||||
| (Zincon), or | 3500–Zn F | ( 13) | |||
| ICP/MS | 7 200.8 | D5673–96 17 | |||