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42 U.S. Code § 16298d. Carbon removal
(a) Establishment
The Secretary, in coordination with the heads of appropriate Federal agencies, including the Secretary of Agriculture, shall establish a research, development, and demonstration program (referred to in this section as the “program”) to test, validate, or improve technologies and strategies to remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere on a large scale.
(b) Intraagency coordination
The Secretary shall ensure that the program includes the coordinated participation of the Office of Fossil Energy, the Office of Science, and the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy.
(c) Program activitiesThe program may include research, development, and demonstration activities relating to—
(1)
direct air capture and storage technologies;
(2)
bioenergy with carbon capture and sequestration;
(3)
enhanced geological weathering;
(4)
agricultural practices;
(5)
forest management and afforestation; and
(6)
planned or managed carbon sinks, including natural and artificial.
(d) RequirementsIn developing and identifying carbon removal technologies and strategies under the program, the Secretary shall consider—
(1)
land use changes, including impacts on natural and managed ecosystems;
(2)
ocean acidification;
(3)
net greenhouse gas emissions;
(4)
commercial viability;
(5)
potential for near-term impact;
(6)
potential for carbon reductions on a gigaton scale; and
(7)
economic cobenefits.
(e) Air capture prize competitions
(1) DefinitionsIn this subsection:
(A) Dilute media
The term “dilute media” means media in which the concentration of carbon dioxide is less than 1 percent by volume.
(B) Prize competition
The term “prize competition” means the competitive technology prize competition established under paragraph (2).
(C) Qualified carbon dioxide
(i) In generalThe term “qualified carbon dioxide” means any carbon dioxide that—
(I)
is captured directly from the ambient air; and
(II)
is measured at the source of capture and verified at the point of disposal, injection, or utilization.
(ii) Inclusion
The term “qualified carbon dioxide” includes the initial deposit of captured carbon dioxide used as a tertiary injectant.
(iii) Exclusion
The term “qualified carbon dioxide” does not include carbon dioxide that is recaptured, recycled, and reinjected as part of the enhanced oil and natural gas recovery process.
(D) Qualified direct air capture facility
(i) In generalThe term “qualified direct air capture facility” means any facility that—
(I)
uses carbon capture equipment to capture carbon dioxide directly from the ambient air; and
(II)
captures more than 50,000 metric tons of qualified carbon dioxide annually.
(ii) ExclusionThe term “qualified direct air capture facility” does not include any facility that captures carbon dioxide—
(I)
that is deliberately released from naturally occurring subsurface springs; or
(II)
using natural photosynthesis.